Substituted Pyridine Derivatives Useful As C-FMS Kinase Inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to substituted pyridine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives and the use of said derivatives in the treatment of disorders mediated by c-fms kinase. The present invention is further directed to a process for the preparation of said substituted pyridine derivatives.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/440,182, filed Feb. 23, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/772,040, filed Sep. 1, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No.9,611,259); which is a national stage entry of International ApplicationNo. PCT/US2014/025308, filed Mar. 13, 2014, which claims priority toU.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/791,007, filed Mar. 15, 2013.The entire disclosure of each of which is incorporated by referenceherein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to substituted pyridine derivatives,pharmaceutical compositions containing said derivatives and the use ofsaid derivatives in the treatment of disorders mediated by c-fms kinase.The present invention is further directed to a process for thepreparation of said substituted pyridine derivatives.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Illig, C., et al., in US Patent Publication US2009/0105296 A1, publishedApr. 23, 2009 disclosed c-fms kinase inhibitors of the followingstructural formula

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and a process for theirpreparation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of formula (I)

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—OH and —C(O)OH;and enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof.

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compound offormula (I-M2)

(also known as4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid) and enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compoundof formula (I-M7)

(also known as4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide)and enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates and pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof.

In additional embodiments, the compounds of formula (I) (i.e. thecompound of formula (I-M2) and the compound of formula (I-M7)) arepresent in an isolated form. In additional embodiments, the compounds offormula (I) (i.e. the compound of formula (I-M2) and the compound offormula (I-M7)) are present in a substantially pure form. In additionalembodiments, the compounds of formula (I) (i.e. the compound of formula(I-M2) and the compound of formula (I-M7)) are present in an isolatedand substantially pure form.

The present invention is further directed to D4-deuterated compounds offormula (I), as described in more detail herein. In an embodiment, thepresent invention is directed to D4-deuterated compounds of formula(I-M2). In another embodiment, the present invention is directed toD4-deuterated compounds of formula (I-M7).

The present invention is further directed to D4-deuterated compounds offormula (P), as described in more detail herein.

The present invention is further directed to a process for thepreparation of compounds of formula (I), as described in more detailherein. The present invention is further directed to a product preparedaccording to any of the processes described herein.

Illustrative of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprisinga pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of formula (I). Anillustration of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition made bymixing a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier. Illustrating the invention is a process for making apharmaceutical composition comprising mixing a compound of formula (I)and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Exemplifying the invention are methods of treating a disorder mediatedby c-fms kinase (selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis,Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis other forms of inflammatoryarthritis, osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma,myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor metastasis to bone, ovarian cancer,uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, coloncancer, stomach cancer, hairy cell leukemia; metastasis from ovariancancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer,colon cancer, stomach cancer, or hairy cell leukemia;glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, congestiveobstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma,pancreatitis, HIV infection, psoriasis, diabetes, tumor relatedangiogenesis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy,restenosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia; pain, skeletal paincaused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis, visceral pain,inflammatory pain, neurogenic pain; an autoimmune disease, systemiclupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatoryarthritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis anduveitis; preferably rheumatoid arthritis) comprising administering to asubject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compoundof formula (I), or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound offormula (I), as herein described.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compoundof formula (I) for use in the treatment of a disorder selected from thegroup consisting of osteoporosis, Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritisother forms of inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis, prosthesisfailure, osteolytic sarcoma, myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumormetastasis to bone, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, hairy cellleukemia; metastasis from ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, or hairycell leukemia; glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease,sarcoidosis, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pancreatitis, HIV infection, psoriasis,diabetes, tumor related angiogenesis, age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy, restenosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia;pain, skeletal pain caused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis,visceral pain, inflammatory pain, neurogenic pain; an autoimmunedisease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other formsof inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiplesclerosis and uveitis. Preferably, the disorder mediated by c-fms kinaseis rheumatoid arthritis.

Another example of the invention is the use of a compound of formula (I)in the preparation of a medicament for treating: (a) osteoporosis, (b)Paget's disease, (c) rheumatoid arthritis, (d) other forms ofinflammatory arthritis, (e) osteoarthritis, (f) prosthesis failure, (g)osteolytic sarcoma, (h) myeloma, (i) Hodgkin's lymphoma, (j) tumormetastasis to bone, (k) ovarian cancer, (I) uterine cancer, (m) breastcancer, (n) prostate cancer, (o) lung cancer, (p) colon cancer, (q)stomach cancer, (r) hairy cell leukemia; (s) metastasis from ovariancancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer,colon cancer, stomach cancer, or hairy cell leukemia; (t)glomerulonephritis, (u) inflammatory bowel disease, (v) sarcoidosis, (w)congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, (x) idiopathic pulmonaryfibrosis, (y) asthma, (z) pancreatitis, (aa) HIV infection, (ab)psoriasis, (ac) diabetes, (ad) tumor related angiogenesis, (ae)age-related macular degeneration, (af) diabetic retinopathy, (ag)restenosis, (ah) schizophrenia, (ai) Alzheimer's dementia; (aj) pain,(ak) skeletal pain caused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis, (al)visceral pain, (am) inflammatory pain, (an) neurogenic pain; (ao) anautoimmune disease, (ap) systemic lupus erythematosus, (aq) rheumatoidarthritis, (ar) other forms of inflammatory arthritis, (as) psoriasis,(at) Sjogren's syndrome, (au) multiple sclerosis and (av) uveitis, in asubject in need thereof.

In another example, the present invention is directed to a compound offormula (I) for use in a methods for treating a disorder mediated byc-fms kinase (selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis,Paget's disease, rheumatoid arthritis other forms of inflammatoryarthritis, osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma,myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor metastasis to bone, ovarian cancer,uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, coloncancer, stomach cancer, hairy cell leukemia; metastasis from ovariancancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer,colon cancer, stomach cancer, or hairy cell leukemia;glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, congestiveobstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma,pancreatitis, HIV infection, psoriasis, diabetes, tumor relatedangiogenesis, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy,restenosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia; pain, skeletal paincaused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis, visceral pain,inflammatory pain, neurogenic pain; an autoimmune disease, systemiclupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatoryarthritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis anduveitis), in a subject in need thereof.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compoundof formula (I) for the treatment of a disorder mediated by c-fms kinase(selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis, Paget's disease,rheumatoid arthritis other forms of inflammatory arthritis,osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma, myeloma,Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor metastasis to bone, ovarian cancer, uterinecancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer,stomach cancer, hairy cell leukemia; metastasis from ovarian cancer,uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, coloncancer, stomach cancer, or hairy cell leukemia; glomerulonephritis,inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, congestive obstructivepulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pancreatitis,HIV infection, psoriasis, diabetes, tumor related angiogenesis,age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, restenosis,schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia; pain, skeletal pain caused by tumormetastasis or osteoarthritis, visceral pain, inflammatory pain,neurogenic pain; an autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis,Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis and uveitis; preferablyrheumatoid arthritis).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of formula (I)

wherein R¹ is as herein defined; and enantiomers, diastereomers,racemates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; useful asactive metabolites of the compound of formula (P)

also known as4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide(as disclosed in Illig, C., et al., in US Patent PublicationUS2009/0105296 A1, published Apr. 23, 2009).

The compound of formula (P) is useful as a protein tyrosine kinaseinhibitors, more particularly as an inhibitor of c-fms kinase. Asdisclosed in Illig, C., et al., US Patent Publication US2009/0105296 A1,the c-fms kinase inhibitor of formula (P) is useful for the treatment ofdiseases including, but not limited to: osteoporosis, Paget's disease,rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatory arthritis,osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma, myeloma, tumormetastasis to bone, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, hairy cellleukemia; metastasis from ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, breast cancer,prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, or hairycell leukemia; glomerulonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease,sarcoidosis, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathicpulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pancreatitis, HIV infection, psoriasis,diabetes, tumor related angiogenesis, age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy, restenosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia;pain, skeletal pain caused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis,visceral pain, inflammatory pain, neurogenic pain; an autoimmunedisease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, other formsof inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiplesclerosis and uveitis.

The compounds of formula (I) (i.e. the compound of formula (I-M2) andthe compound of formula (I-M7)) are active metabolites of the compoundof formula (P). The compounds of formula (I) were initially identifiedfrom LC-MS analysis of human plasma samples collected during afirst-in-human clinical trial with multiple ascending dosing of thecompound of formula (P).

In an embodiment of the present invention, R¹ is —CH₂—OH. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, R¹ is —C(O)—OH.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the compounds of formula (I)contain two stereo-centers, located at the bonds designated with a “*”in the following structural representation:

The present invention includes individual, isolated and/or substantiallypure enantiomers and/or diastereomers, as well as racemates, andmixtures of said enantiomers and/or diastereomers. In an embodiment, thediastereomeric excess of a stereo-isomer of the compound of formula (I)(including any D4-deuterated stereo-isomer of the compound of formula(I)) is greater than or equal to about 80%, preferably greater than orequal to about 90%, more preferably, greater than or equal to about 95%,more preferably, greater than or equal to about 98%, more preferably,greater than or equal to about 99%.

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M2-2R,4R)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M2-2R,4S)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M2-2S,4S)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M2-2S,4R)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to a racemic mixtureof the compound of formula (I-M2-2R,4S) and the compound of formula(I-M2-2S,4R).

In a another embodiment, the present invention is directed to anisolated or substantially pure diastereomer of the compound (I-M2)selected from the group consisting of the compound of formula(I-M2-2R,4S) and the compound of formula (I-M2-2S,4R).

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M7-2R,4R)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M7-2R,4S)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M7-2S,4S)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to an isolated orsubstantially pure compound of formula (I-M7-2S,4R)

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to a racemic mixtureof the compound of formula (I-M7-2R,4S) and the compound of formula(I-M7-2S,4R).

In a another embodiment, the present invention is directed to anisolated or substantially pure diastereomer of the compound (I-M7)selected from the group consisting of the compound of formula(I-M7-2R,4S) and the compound of formula (I-M7-2S,4R).

One skilled in the art will recognize that the (2R,4R)- and the(2S,4S)-diastereomers of the compound of formula (I-M2) and the compoundof formula (I-M7) are sterically hindered (present in more of a“cis-type” stereo-orientation), whereas the (2R,4S)- and the(2S,4R)-diastereomers of the compound of formula (I-M2) and the compoundof formula (I-M7) are less sterically hindered (present in more of a“trans-type” stereo-orientation).

It is theorized that in the synthesis of the compound of formula (I-M2)and the synthesis of the compound of formula (I-M7), as hereindescribed, the sterically hindered (2S,4S)- and (2R,4R)-diastereomersare prepared in relatively small amounts. It is further theorized thatsaid (2S,4S)- and (2R,4R)-diastereomers are substantially removed fromthe final product mixture in the work-up and/or purification steps.

It is intended that within the scope of the present invention, anyelement, in particular when mentioned in relation to a compound offormula (I), shall comprise all isotopes and isotopic mixtures of saidelement, either naturally occurring or synthetically produced, eitherwith natural abundance or in an isotopically enriched form. For example,a reference to hydrogen includes within its scope ¹H, ²H (D), and ³H(T). Similarly, references to carbon, oxygen and/or nitrogen includewithin their scope respectively ¹²C, ¹³C and ¹⁴C, ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O; ¹⁴N and¹⁵N. The isotopes may be radioactive or non-radioactive. Radiolabelledcompounds of formula (I) may comprise a radioactive isotope selectedfrom the group of ³H, ¹¹C, ¹⁸F, ¹²²I, ¹²³I, ¹²⁵I, ¹³¹I, ⁷⁵Br, ⁷⁶Br, ⁷⁷Brand ⁸²Br. Preferably, the radioactive isotope is selected from the groupof ³H, ¹¹C and ¹⁸F.

The present invention is further directed to D₄-deuterated compounds offormula (I). In an embodiment, the present invention is directed toD₄-deuterated compounds of formula (I-M2), more particularly, (I-M2-D4a)and (I-M2-D4b)

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed toD4-deuterated compounds of formula (I-M7), more particularly, (I-M7-D4a)and (I-M7-D4b)

The present invention is further directed to a D₄-deuterated compound offormula (P). In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to amixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuteratedcompounds of formula (P), more particularly, a mixture of a compound offormula (P-D4a)

and a compound of formula (P-D4b)

In another embodiment, the compound of formula (P-D4a) and the compoundof formula (P-D4b) are present in mixture at a molar ratio of about 1:1.

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “isolated form” shallmean that the compound is present in a form which is separate from anybiological environment (e.g. plasma, blood, gastric fluids, urine,cerebrospinal fluid, and the like). In an embodiment of the presentinvention, the compound of formula (I) is present in an isolated form.In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula(I-M2) is present in an isolated form. In another embodiment of thepresent invention, the compound of formula (I-M7) is present in anisolated form.

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “substantially pureform” shall mean that the mole percent of impurities in the isolatedcompound is less than about 5 mole percent, preferably less than about 2mole percent, more preferably, less than about 0.5 mole percent, mostpreferably, less than about 0.1 mole percent. In an embodiment of thepresent invention, the compound of formula (I) is a substantially pureform. In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound offormula (I-M2) is a substantially pure form. In another embodiment ofthe present invention, the compound of formula (I-M7) is a substantiallypure form.

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “substantially pure asmeasured by HPLC” shall mean that the calculated area under the curvefor the compound of formula (I), as measured by UV HPLC analysis isgreater than about 90%, preferably, the greater than about 95%, morepreferably, greater than about 98%, more preferably still, greater thanabout 99%. In an embodiment of the present invention, the compound offormula (I) is a substantially pure form as measured by HPLC. In anotherembodiment of the present invention, the compound of formula (I-M2) is asubstantially pure form as measured by HPLC. In another embodiment ofthe present invention, the compound of formula (I-M7) is a substantiallypure form as measured by HPLC.

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “substantially free ofcorresponding salt form(s)” when used to described the compound offormula (I) shall mean that mole percent of salt forms of the compoundof formula (I) is less than about 5 mole percent, preferably less thanabout 2 mole percent, more preferably, less than about 0.5 mole percent,most preferably less than about 0.1 mole percent. In an embodiment ofthe present invention, the compound of formula (I) is substantially freeof corresponding salt form(s). In another embodiment of the presentinvention, the compound of formula (I-M2) is substantially free ofcorresponding salt form(s). In another embodiment of the presentinvention, the compound of formula (I-M7) is substantially free ofcorresponding salt form(s).

Where the compound according to this invention has at least one chiralcenter, they may accordingly exist as enantiomers. Where the compoundspossess two or more chiral centers, they may additionally exist asdiastereomers. It is to be understood that all such isomers and mixturesthereof are encompassed within the scope of the present invention.Preferably, wherein the compound is present as an enantiomer, theenantiomer is present at an enantiomeric excess of greater than or equalto about 80%, more preferably, at an enantiomeric excess of greater thanor equal to about 90%, more preferably still, at an enantiomeric excessof greater than or equal to about 95%, more preferably still, at anenantiomeric excess of greater than or equal to about 98%, mostpreferably, at an enantiomeric excess of greater than or equal to about99%.

Unless otherwise noted, where a stereogenic center is present, the S-and R-designations have been arbitrarily assigned, since the exactstereo-configuration of the center(s) has not been determined. As such,the use of the S- and R-designations is not intended to define theabsolute optical rotation of the designated bond.

The compounds of formula (I) are inhibitors of protein tyrosine kinases,such as c-fms, useful in the prevention and treatment of disordersresulting from actions of these kinases.

In certain embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods ofinhibiting a protein tyrosine kinase comprising contacting the proteintyrosine kinase with therapeutically effective amount of a compound offormula (I). A preferred tyrosine kinase is c-fms.

In various embodiments of the present invention, the protein tyrosinekinases inhibited by the compound of formula (I) are located in cells,in a mammal or in vitro. In the case of mammals, which includes humans,preferably, a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceuticallyacceptable form of a compound of formula (I) is administered.

The present invention further provides methods of treating cancer inmammals, including humans, comprising administration of atherapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I),preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising acompound of formula (I). Exemplary cancers include, but are not limitedto, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkinslymphoma, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer,breast cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, and hairy cell leukemia.The present invention also provides methods of treating certainprecancerous lesions including myelofibrosis. In another embodiment ofthe present invention, an effective amount of at least one compound offormula (I) is administered in combination with an effective amount of achemotherapeutic agent.

The present invention further provides methods of treating and/orpreventing metastasis arising from cancers that include, but are notlimited to, Hodgkins lymphoma, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, prostatecancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, andhairy cell leukemia, comprising administration of a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula (I), preferably apharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising a compound of formula(I).

The present invention further provides methods of treating osteoporosis,Paget's disease, and other diseases in which bone resorption mediatesmorbidity including rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatoryarthritis, osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma,myeloma, and tumor metastasis to bone as occurs frequently in cancersincluding, but not limited to, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and coloncancer, comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amountof a compound of formula (I), preferably a pharmaceutically acceptablecomposition comprising a compound of formula (I).

The present invention also provides methods of treating pain, inparticular skeletal pain caused by tumor metastasis or osteoarthritis,as well as visceral, inflammatory, and neurogenic pain, comprisingadministration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound offormula (I), preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable compositioncomprising a compound of formula (I).

The present invention also provides methods of treating cardiovascular,inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases in mammals, including humans,comprising administration of a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of formula (I), preferably a pharmaceutically acceptablecomposition comprising a compound of formula (I). Examples of diseaseswith an inflammatory component include glomerulonephritis, inflammatorybowel disease, prosthesis failure, sarcoidosis, congestive obstructivepulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pancreatitis,HIV infection, psoriasis, diabetes, tumor related angiogenesis,age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, restenosis,schizophrenia or Alzheimer's dementia. Other diseases that may beeffectively treated with a compound of formula (I) include, but are notlimited to atherosclerosis and cardiac hypertrophy.

The present invention is further directed to methods of treatingautoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoidarthritis, and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis,Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or uveitis, comprisingadministration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound offormula (I), preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable compositioncomprising a compound of formula (I).

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the terms “treating”,“treatment” and the like, shall include the management and care of asubject or patient (preferably mammal, more preferably human) for thepurpose of combating a disease, condition, or disorder and includes theadministration of a compound of the present invention to prevent theonset of the symptoms or complications, alleviate the symptoms orcomplications, or eliminate the disease, condition, or disorder.

As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the term “prevention” shallinclude (a) reduction in the frequency of one or more symptoms; (b)reduction in the severity of one or more symptoms; (c) the delay oravoidance of the development of additional symptoms; and/or (d) delay oravoidance of the development of the disorder or condition.

One skilled in the art will recognize that wherein the present inventionis directed to methods of prevention, a subject in need of thereof (i.e.a subject in need of prevention) shall include any subject or patient(preferably a mammal, more preferably a human) who has experienced orexhibited at least one symptom of the disorder, disease or condition tobe prevented. Further, a subject in need thereof may additionally be asubject (preferably a mammal, more preferably a human) who has notexhibited any symptoms of the disorder, disease or condition to beprevented, but who has been deemed by a physician, clinician or othermedical profession to be at risk of developing said disorder, disease orcondition. For example, the subject may be deemed at risk of developinga disorder, disease or condition (and therefore in need of prevention orpreventive treatment) as a consequence of the subject's medical history,including, but not limited to, family history, pre-disposition,co-existing (comorbid) disorders or conditions, genetic testing, and thelike.

The term “subject” as used herein, refers to an animal, preferably amammal, most preferably a human, who has been the object of treatment,observation or experiment. Preferably, the subject has experiencedand/or exhibited at least one symptom of the disease or disorder to betreated and/or prevented.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein, means thatamount of active compound or pharmaceutical agent that elicits thebiological or medicinal response in a tissue system, animal or humanthat is being sought by a researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor orother clinician, which includes alleviation of the symptoms of thedisease or disorder being treated.

As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass aproduct comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts,as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, fromcombinations of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

One skilled in the art will recognize that, where not otherwisespecified, the reaction step(s) is performed under suitable conditions,according to known methods, to provide the desired product. One skilledin the art will further recognize that wherein a reaction step of thepresent invention may be carried out in a variety of solvents or solventsystems, said reaction step may also be carried out in a mixture of thesuitable solvents or solvent systems.

One skilled in the art will recognize that, in the specification andclaims as presented herein, wherein a reagent or reagent class/type(e.g. base, solvent, etc.) is recited in more than one step of aprocess, the individual reagents are independently selected for eachreaction step and may be the same of different from each other. Forexample wherein two steps of a process recite an organic or inorganicbase as a reagent, the organic or inorganic base selected for the firststep may be the same or different than the organic or inorganic base ofthe second step.

To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitativeexpressions given herein are not qualified with the term “about”. It isunderstood that whether the term “about” is used explicitly or not,every quantity given herein is meant to refer to the actual given value,and it is also meant to refer to the approximation to such given valuethat would reasonably be inferred based on the ordinary skill in theart, including approximations due to the experimental and/or measurementconditions for such given value.

To provide a more concise description, some of the quantitativeexpressions herein are recited as a range from about amount X to aboutamount Y. It is understood that wherein a range is recited, the range isnot limited to the recited upper and lower bounds, but rather includesthe full range from about amount X through about amount Y, or any rangetherein.

Abbreviations used in the specification, particularly the Schemes andExamples, are as follows:

-   ATP=Adenosine triphosphate-   Brij-35=(Polyoxyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether) (detergent)-   DCE=1,1,-Dichloroethane-   DCM=Dichloromethane-   DIBAL=Diisobutyl aluminum hydride-   DIPEA=Diisopropylethylamine-   DME=Dimethoxyethane-   DMF=Dimethylformamide-   DMSO=Dimethylsulfoxide-   DTT=Dithiothreitol-   EDCl=1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide-   EDTA=Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid-   Et₃N=Triethylamine-   EtOH=Ethanol-   HEPES=4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-Piperizine Ethane Sulfonic Acid-   HOAc=Acetic acid-   KHMDS=Potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide-   KOAc=Potassium Acetate-   LDA=Lithium diisopropylamide-   LiHMDS=Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide-   MeOH=Methanol-   MOPS=3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid-   n-Bu=n-Butyl-   NBS=N-Bromosuccinimide-   OTf=Triflate (i.e —O—SO₂—CF₃)-   PCC=Pyridinium chlorochromate-   Pd(dba)₂Cl₂=Bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(II) dichloride-   Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂=[1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]    dichloropalladium(II), complex-   Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂=Bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) dichloride-   PhN(Tf)₂ or Tf₂NPh=Phenyl bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amine-   PPTS=Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate-   PyBrop=Bromo-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate-   RFU=Relative fluorescence units-   SEM=2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl--   TBAF=Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride-   TEA=Triethylamine-   Tf₂O=Triflic anhydride or Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride-   THF=Tetrahydrofuran-   TFA=Trifluoroacetic acid

General Synthetic Schemes

Compounds of formula (I) may be prepared from a common intermediate,n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate,which may be prepared as described in Scheme 1, below.

Accordingly, n-butyl2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylate, a known compoundor compound prepared by known methods, is reacted with ethane-1,2-diol,a known compound; in the presence of a suitably selected acid such asPPTS, p-toluene sulfonic acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, and the like;in a suitably selected organic solvent such as toluene, xylene, benzene,and the like; to yield n-butyl9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-7-carboxylate.

The n-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-7-carboxylateis reacted with H₂ (gas), in the presence of a suitably selectedcatalyst such as Pd/C, and the like; in a suitably selected organicsolvent such as ethyl acetate, THF, hexanes, and the like; to yieldn-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate.

The n-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate isreacted with CH₃I, a known compound; in the presence of a suitablyselected base such as LDA, LiHMDS, KHMDS, and the like; in a suitablyselected organic solvent such as THF, 1,4-dioxane, DME, and the like; ata temperature of about −78° C.; to yield n-butyl7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate.

The n-butyl 7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylateis reacted with a suitably selected acid such as HCl, HBr, H₃PO₄, andthe like; in a suitably selected reagent and organic solvent such asacetone, 2-butanone, cyclopentanone, and the like to yield n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The n-butyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate isreacted with a suitably selected source of triflate such as PhN(Tf)₂,Tf₂O, and the like; upon the treatment of a suitably selected base suchas LDA, LiHMDS, KHMDS, and the like; in a suitably selected organicsolvent such as THF, 1,4-dioxane, DME, and the like; at a temperature ofabout −78° C.; to yield a mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with bis(pinacolato)diboron, a known compound; in thepresence of a suitably selected palladium coupling agent such asPd(dppf)₂Cl₂, Pd(dba)₂Cl₂, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂, and the like; in the presenceof a suitably selected inorganic base such as KOAc, Na₂CO₄, Cs₂CO₃, andthe like; in a suitably selected organic solvent such as 1,4-dioxane,DME, THF, and the like; at a temperature in the range of from about 15°C. to about 120° C., for example, at about 100° C.; to yield a mixtureof n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine, a known compound; in thepresence of a suitably selected palladium coupling agent such asPd(dppf)₂Cl₂, Pd(dpa)₂Cl₂, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂, and the like; in the presenceof a suitably selected inorganic base such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃, Cs₂CO₃, andthe like; in a suitably selected organic solvent or mixture of organicsolvents, for example in a mixture of DME, ethanol and water; at atemperature in the range of from about 15° C. to about 120° C., forexample at about 120° C., heated via microwave; to yield a mixture ofn-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with H₂ (gas); in the presence of a suitably selectedcatalyst or mixture of catalysts, such as Pd/C, PtO₂, and the like; in asuitably selected organic solvent such as ethyl acetate, THF,1,4-dioxane, and the like; to yield n-butyl4-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The n-butyl4-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with a suitably selected source of bromine, such as NBS, Br₂,BrCl, and the like; in a suitably selected organic solvent such asacetonitrile, DCM, DMF, and the like; at a temperature in the range offrom about −5° C. to about 60° C., for example at about 0° C.; to yieldn-butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

One skilled in the art will recognize that upon completion of thereaction (for example, when chromatography analysis indicatedconsumption of the starting material) any remaining brominating agent ispreferably quenched with a 10% aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate.

The n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane,a known compound; in the presence of a suitably selected coupling agentsuch as Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂, Pd(dba)₂Cl₂, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂, and the like; in thepresence of a suitably selected inorganic base such as Na₂CO₃, K₂CO₃,Cs₂CO₃, and the like; in a suitably selected solvent or mixture ofsolvents such as a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water, THF, DME, and thelike; to yield n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with potassium4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate,a known compound; in the presence of a suitably selected couplingreagent such as PyBrop, DCC, EDCl, and the like; in the presence of asuitably selected organic base such as DIPEA, TEA, pyridine, and thelike; in a suitably selected organic solvent such as DCM, DCE, THF, andthe like; to yield n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The compound of formula (I-M2) may be prepared as described in moredetail in Scheme 2, below.

Accordingly, n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate,prepared for example as described in Scheme 1 above, is reacted toremove the SEM protecting group, reacting with a suitably selecteddesilylating reagent such as TBAF, KF, pyridinium hydrofluoride, and thelike; in a suitably selected organic solvent such as THF, 1,4-dioxane,diethyl ether, and the like; at a temperature in the range of from about0° C. to about 120° C., for example at about 60-65° C., heated bymicrowave; to yield n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateis reacted with a suitably selected acid or base such as LiOH, NaOH,KOH, and the like; in a suitably selected solvent such as water, MeOH,EtOH, and the like; to yield the4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid, or its corresponding acidic or basic salt.

One skilled in the art will recognize that depending on the pHconditions of any isolation and/or purification work-up, the compound offormula (I-M2) is isolated in its neutral form, or as its correspondingbasic (e.g. Li+ or Na+ or K+) or corresponding acidic (e.g. protonated)salt form.

The compound of formula (I-M7) may be prepared as described in moredetail in Scheme 3, below.

Accordingly, n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate,prepared for example as described in Scheme 1 above, is reacted with asuitably selected reducing agent such as DIBAL, LiBH₄, and the like; ina suitably selected organic solvent such as THF, 1,4-dioxane, DME, andthe like; at a temperature in the range of from about −80° C. to about50° C., for example at about −30 to −40° C.; to yield4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide.

The4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamideis reacted with a suitably selected desilylating reagent such as TBAF,KF, pyridinium hydrofluoride, and the like; in a suitably selectedorganic solvent such as THF, DME, 1,4-dioxane, and the like; at atemperature in the range of from about 0° C. to about 110° C., forexample at about 60-65° C., heated by microwave; to yield4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide,the compound of formula (I-M7).

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to D₄-deuteratedcompounds of formula (I), more particularly, D₄-deuterated compounds offormula (I-M2) and D₄-deuterated compounds of formula (I-M7).

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a mixture oftwo D₄-deuterated regioisomers (or isotopomers) of the compound offormula (I-M2), more particularly, a mixture of a compound of formula(I-M2-D4a) and (I-M2-D4b)

In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I-M2-D4a) and thecompound of formula (I-M2-D4b) are present in a mixture at a molar ratioof about 1:1.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a mixture oftwo D₄-deuterated regioisomers (or isotopomers) of the compound offormula (I-M7), more particularly, a mixture of a compound of formula(I-M7-D4a) and (I-M7-D4b)

In another embodiment, the compound of formula (I-M7-D4a) and thecompound of formula (I-M7-D4b) are present in a mixture at a molar ratioof about 1:1.

The D₄-deuterated compounds of formula (I-M2-D4a), (1-M2-D4b),(1-M7-D4a) and (1-M7-D4b) may be prepared as described in Schemes 1-3above, substituting a mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanesfor the corresponding (un-deuterated)2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanecompound, and reacting as therein described.

The mixture of (isotopomers) 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanesmay be prepared, for example, as described in Scheme 4, below.

Accordingly, 4,4-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone, a known compound or compoundprepared by known methods, is deuterated by reacting with D2 (gas) inthe presence of a suitably selected catalyst such as Pd/C, and the like;in a suitably selected solvent such as deuterated methanol, and thelike; to yield the corresponding(2S,3R)-2,3-di-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone.

The 2,3-di-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone is further reacted withCD₃OD (deuterated methanol) in the presence of a suitably selectedinorganic base such as K₂CO₃; in D₂O (deuterated water); to yield thecorresponding 2,2′,3′,6′,6′-penta-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone.

The 2,2′,3′,6′,6′-penta-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone istriflated by reacting with a suitably selected source of triflate suchas PhN(Tf)₂, and the like; upon the treatment of a suitably selectedbase such as LDA, and the like; in a suitably selected solvent such asTHF, and the like; to yield a mixture of the corresponding2′,3′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate and2′,5′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate.

The mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate and2′,5′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate is reacted with bis(pinacolate)diboron, aknown compound; in the presence of a suitably selected catalyst such asPd, and the like; in a suitably selected solvent such as 1,4-dioxane,and the like; to yield the a mixture of the corresponding2′,3′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-2-(-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneand the corresponding2′,5′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane.

The mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-2-(-4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneand2′,5′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneis reacted with n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate,a known compound or compound prepared by known methods; in the presenceof a suitably selected coupling agent such as Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂,Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂, Pd(dba)₂Cl₂, and the like; in the presence of a suitablyselected inorganic base such as Na₂CO₃, KOAc, Cs₂CO₃, and the like; in asuitably selected solvent or mixture of solvents such as a mixture of1,4-dioxane and water, DME, 1,4-dioxane, and the like; to yield amixture of the corresponding 2′,3′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand the corresponding 2′,5′,6′,6′-tetra-deuterated-n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

One skilled in the art will recognize that the mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanesis then substituted for the corresponding (un-deuterated)2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanein Scheme 1, and reacted with potassium4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate,as therein described, to yield a mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuteratedand 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate.

The mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatesis substituted for the corresponding (un-deuterated) n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatein Scheme 2 above, and reacted as therein described, to yield a mixtureof the compound of formula (I-M2-D4a) and compound of formula(I-M2-D4b).

Alternatively, the mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatesis substituted for the corresponding (un-deuterated) n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatein Scheme 3 above, and reacted as therein described, to yield a mixtureof the compound of formula (I-M7-D4a) and compound of formula(I-M7-D4b).

In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to a mixture of the2′,3′,6′,6′-[D4]-deuterated and the 2′,5′,6′,6′,-[D4]-deuteratedcompound of formula (P), herein referred to as the compound of formula(P-D4a) and the compound of formula (P-D4b), respectively.

The compound of formula (P-D4a) and the compound of formula (P-D4b) maybe prepared according to the process as described in Scheme 5, below.

Accordingly, a mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneand 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolaneis reacted with2-bromo-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-amine,a known compound or compound prepared by known methods, in the presenceof a suitably selected coupling agent such as Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂,Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂, Pd(dba)₂Cl₂, and the like; in the presence of a suitablyselected inorganic base such as Na₂CO₃, KOAc, Cs₂CO₃, and the like; in asuitably selected solvent or mixture of solvents such as a mixture of1,4-dioxane and water, DME, 1,4-dioxane, and the like; to yield amixture of the corresponding 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-amines.

The mixture of 2, 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-amiis reacted with potassium4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylate,a known compound; in the presence of a suitably selected couplingreagent such as PyBrop, DCC, EDCl, and the like; in the presence of asuitably selected organic base such as DIPEA, TEA, pyridine, and thelike; in a suitably selected organic solvent such as DCM, DCE, THF, andthe like; to yield a mixture of the corresponding2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamides.

The mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamidesis reacted to remove the SEM protecting group, reacting with a suitablyselected desilylating reagent such as TBAF, KF, pyridiniumhydrofluoride, and the like; in a suitably selected organic solvent suchas THF, 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether, and the like; at a temperature inthe range of from about 0° C. to about 120° C., for example at about60-65° C., heated by microwave; to yield a mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamides.

The mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamidesis reacted with a suitably selected acid or base such as LiOH, NaOH,KOH, and the like; in a suitably selected solvent such as water, MeOH,EtOH, and the like; to yield a mixture of the corresponding2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamides.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

For use in medicine, the salts of the compounds of this invention referto non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.” Other salts may,however, be useful in the preparation of compounds according to thisinvention or of their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Suitablepharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds include acid additionsalts which may, for example, be formed by mixing a solution of thecompound with a solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such ashydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, succinicacid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, carbonicacid or phosphoric acid. Furthermore, where the compounds of theinvention carry an acidic moiety, suitable pharmaceutically acceptablesalts thereof may include alkali metal salts, e.g., sodium or potassiumsalts; alkaline earth metal salts, e.g., calcium or magnesium salts; andsalts formed with suitable organic ligands, e.g., quaternary ammoniumsalts. Thus, representative pharmaceutically acceptable salts include,but are not limited to, the following: acetate, benzenesulfonate,benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate, bromide, calciumedetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate, citrate,dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate, fumarate,gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate,hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide,isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, mandelate,mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate,napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine ammonium salt, oleate, pamoate(embonate), palmitate, pantothenate, phosphate/diphosphate,polygalacturonate, salicylate, stearate, sulfate, subacetate, succinate,tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide and valerate.

Representative acids which may be used in the preparation ofpharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, thefollowing: acids including acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid,acylated amino acids, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid,L-aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoicacid, (+)-camphoric acid, camphorsulfonic acid,(+)-(1S)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylicacid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid,ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid,2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaricacid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, D-gluconic acid, D-glucoronicacid, L-glutamic acid, α-oxo-glutaric acid, glycolic acid, hipuric acid,hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, (+)-L-lactic acid, (±)-DL-lacticacid, lactobionic acid, maleic acid, (−)-L-malic acid, malonic acid,(±)-DL-mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid,naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotincacid, nitric acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid,pamoic acid, phosphoric acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, salicylic acid,4-amino-salicylic acid, sebaic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid,sulfuric acid, tannic acid, (+)-L-tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid,p-toluenesulfonic acid and undecylenic acid.

Representative bases which may be used in the preparation ofpharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, thefollowing: bases including ammonia, L-arginine, benethamine, benzathine,calcium hydroxide, choline, deanol, diethanolamine, diethylamine,2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine,N-methyl-glucamine, hydrabamine, 1H-imidazole, L-lysine, magnesiumhydroxide, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-morpholine, piperazine, potassiumhydroxide, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine, secondary amine, sodiumhydroxide, triethanolamine, tromethamine and zinc hydroxide.

The present invention further comprises pharmaceutical compositionscontaining one or more compounds of formula (I), prepared as describedherein, with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Pharmaceuticalcompositions containing one or more of the compounds of the inventiondescribed herein as the active ingredient can be prepared by intimatelymixing the compound or compounds with a pharmaceutical carrier accordingto conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques. The carrier maytake a wide variety of forms depending upon the desired route ofadministration (e.g., oral, parenteral). Thus for liquid oralpreparations such as suspensions, elixirs and solutions, suitablecarriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoringagents, preservatives, stabilizers, coloring agents and the like; forsolid oral preparations, such as powders, capsules and tablets, suitablecarriers and additives include starches, sugars, diluents, granulatingagents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents and the like. Solidoral preparations may also be coated with substances such as sugars orbe enteric-coated so as to modulate major site of absorption. Forparenteral administration, the carrier will usually consist of sterilewater and other ingredients may be added to increase solubility orpreservation. Injectable suspensions or solutions may also be preparedutilizing aqueous carriers along with appropriate additives.

To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention, one ormore compounds of the present invention as the active ingredient isintimately admixed with a pharmaceutical carrier according toconventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques, which carrier maytake a wide variety of forms depending of the form of preparationdesired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral such asintramuscular. In preparing the compositions in oral dosage form, any ofthe usual pharmaceutical media may be employed. Thus, for liquid oralpreparations, such as for example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions,suitable carriers and additives include water, glycols, oils, alcohols,flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like; for solidoral preparations such as, for example, powders, capsules, caplets,gelcaps and tablets, suitable carriers and additives include starches,sugars, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders,disintegrating agents and the like. Because of their ease inadministration, tablets and capsules represent the most advantageousoral dosage unit form, in which case solid pharmaceutical carriers areobviously employed. If desired, tablets may be sugar coated or entericcoated by standard techniques. For parenterals, the carrier will usuallycomprise sterile water, through other ingredients, for example, forpurposes such as aiding solubility or for preservation, may be included.Injectable suspensions may also be prepared, in which case appropriateliquid carriers, suspending agents and the like may be employed. Thepharmaceutical compositions herein will contain, per dosage unit, e.g.,tablet, capsule, powder, injection, teaspoonful and the like, an amountof the active ingredient necessary to deliver an effective dose asdescribed above. The pharmaceutical compositions herein will contain,per unit dosage unit, e.g., tablet, capsule, powder, injection,suppository, teaspoonful and the like, of from about 0.01 mg to about1000 mg or any amount or range therein, and may be given at a dosage offrom about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 300 mg/kg/day, or any amount or rangetherein, preferably from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 50 mg/kg/day, orany amount or range therein, preferably from about 0.05 mg/kg/day toabout 15.0 mg/kg/day, or any amount or range therein, preferably fromabout 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 10.0 mg/kg/day, or any amount or rangetherein. The dosages, however, may be varied depending upon therequirement of the patients, the severity of the condition being treatedand the compound being employed. The use of either daily administrationor post-periodic dosing may be employed.

Preferably these compositions are in unit dosage forms from such astablets, pills, capsules, powders, granules, sterile parenteralsolutions or suspensions, metered aerosol or liquid sprays, drops,ampoules, autoinjector devices or suppositories; for oral parenteral,intranasal, sublingual or rectal administration, or for administrationby inhalation or insufflation. Alternatively, the composition may bepresented in a form suitable for once-weekly or once-monthlyadministration; for example, an insoluble salt of the active compound,such as the decanoate salt, may be adapted to provide a depotpreparation for intramuscular injection. For preparing solidcompositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixedwith a pharmaceutical carrier, e.g. conventional tableting ingredientssuch as corn starch, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, talc, stearic acid,magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate or gums, and otherpharmaceutical diluents, e.g. water, to form a solid preformulationcomposition containing a homogeneous mixture of a compound of thepresent invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Whenreferring to these preformulation compositions as homogeneous, it ismeant that the active ingredient is dispersed evenly throughout thecomposition so that the composition may be readily subdivided intoequally effective dosage forms such as tablets, pills and capsules. Thissolid preformulation composition is then subdivided into unit dosageforms of the type described above containing from about 0.01 mg to about1,000 mg, or any amount or range therein, of the active ingredient ofthe present invention. The tablets or pills of the novel composition canbe coated or otherwise compounded to provide a dosage form affording theadvantage of prolonged action. For example, the tablet or pill cancomprise an inner dosage and an outer dosage component, the latter beingin the form of an envelope over the former. The two components can beseparated by an enteric layer which serves to resist disintegration inthe stomach and permits the inner component to pass intact into theduodenum or to be delayed in release. A variety of material can be usedfor such enteric layers or coatings, such materials including a numberof polymeric acids with such materials as shellac, cetyl alcohol andcellulose acetate.

The liquid forms in which the novel compositions of the presentinvention may be incorporated for administration orally or by injectioninclude, aqueous solutions, suitably flavoured syrups, aqueous or oilsuspensions, and flavoured emulsions with edible oils such as cottonseedoil, sesame oil, coconut oil or peanut oil, as well as elixirs andsimilar pharmaceutical vehicles. Suitable dispersing or suspendingagents for aqueous suspensions, include synthetic and natural gums suchas tragacanth, acacia, alginate, dextran, sodium carboxymethylcellulose,methylcellulose, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or gelatin.

The method of treating c-FMS kinase mediated disorders described in thepresent invention may also be carried out using a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising any of the compounds as defined herein and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutical composition maycontain between about 0.01 mg and about 1000 mg of the compound, or anyamount or range therein; preferably from about 1.0 mg to about 500 mg ofthe compound, or any amount or range therein, and may be constitutedinto any form suitable for the mode of administration selected. Carriersinclude necessary and inert pharmaceutical excipients, including, butnot limited to, binders, suspending agents, lubricants, flavorants,sweeteners, preservatives, dyes, and coatings. Compositions suitable fororal administration include solid forms, such as pills, tablets,caplets, capsules (each including immediate release, timed release andsustained release formulations), granules, and powders, and liquidforms, such as solutions, syrups, elixers, emulsions, and suspensions.Forms useful for parenteral administration include sterile solutions,emulsions and suspensions.

Advantageously, compounds of the present invention may be administeredin a single daily dose, or the total daily dosage may be administered individed doses of two, three or four times daily. Furthermore, compoundsfor the present invention can be administered in intranasal form viatopical use of suitable intranasal vehicles, or via transdermal skinpatches well known to those of ordinary skill in that art. To beadministered in the form of a transdermal delivery system, the dosageadministration will, of course, be continuous rather than intermittentthroughout the dosage regimen.

For instance, for oral administration in the form of a tablet orcapsule, the active drug component can be combined with an oral,non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier such as ethanol,glycerol, water and the like. Moreover, when desired or necessary,suitable binders; lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agentscan also be incorporated into the mixture. Suitable binders include,without limitation, starch, gelatin, natural sugars such as glucose orbeta-lactose, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such asacacia, tragacanth or sodium oleate, sodium stearate, magnesiumstearate, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride and the like.Disintegrators include, without limitation, starch, methyl cellulose,agar, bentonite, xanthan gum and the like.

The liquid forms in suitably flavored suspending or dispersing agentssuch as the synthetic and natural gums, for example, tragacanth, acacia,methyl-cellulose and the like. For parenteral administration, sterilesuspensions and solutions are desired. Isotonic preparations whichgenerally contain suitable preservatives are employed when intravenousadministration is desired.

To prepare a pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, acompound of formula (I) as the active ingredient is intimately admixedwith a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceuticalcompounding techniques, which carrier may take a wide variety of formsdepending of the form of preparation desired for administration (e.g.oral or parenteral). Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable carriers arewell known in the art. Descriptions of some of these pharmaceuticallyacceptable carriers may be found in The Handbook of PharmaceuticalExcipients, published by the American Pharmaceutical Association and thePharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

Methods of formulating pharmaceutical compositions have been describedin numerous publications such as Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets,Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Volumes 1-3, edited by Liebermanet al; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Parenteral Medications, Volumes 1-2,edited by Avis et al; and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Disperse Systems,Volumes 1-2, edited by Lieberman et al; published by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Compounds of this invention may be administered in any of the foregoingcompositions and according to dosage regimens established in the artwhenever treatment of disorders mediated by c-FMS kinase is required.

The daily dosage of the products may be varied over a wide range fromabout 0.01 mg to about 1,000 mg per adult human per day, or any amountor range therein. For oral administration, the compositions arepreferably provided in the form of tablets containing, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1,0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 25.0, 50.0, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500 and1000 milligrams of the active ingredient for the symptomatic adjustmentof the dosage to the patient to be treated. An effective amount of thedrug is ordinarily supplied at a dosage level of from about 0.01 mg/kgto about 500 mg/kg of body weight per day, or any amount or rangetherein. Preferably, the range is from about 0.1 to about 50.0 mg/kg ofbody weight per day, or any amount or range therein. More preferably,from about 0.5 to about 15.0 mg/kg of body weight per day, or any amountor range therein. More preferably, from about 1.0 to about 7.5 mg/kg ofbody weight per day, or any amount or range therein. The compounds maybe administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day.

Optimal dosages to be administered may be readily determined by thoseskilled in the art, and will vary with the particular compound used, themode of administration, the strength of the preparation, the mode ofadministration, and the advancement of the disease condition. Inaddition, factors associated with the particular patient being treated,including patient age, weight, diet and time of administration, willresult in the need to adjust dosages.

One skilled in the art will recognize that, both in vivo and in vitrotrials using suitable, known and generally accepted cell and/or animalmodels are predictive of the ability of a test compound to treat orprevent a given disorder.

One skilled in the art will further recognize that human clinical trialsincluding first-in-human, dose ranging and efficacy trials, in healthypatients and/or those suffering from a given disorder, may be completedaccording to methods well known in the clinical and medical arts.

SYNTHESIS EXAMPLES

The following Examples are set forth to aid in the understanding of theinvention, and are not intended and should not be construed to limit inany way the invention set forth in the claims which follow thereafter.

In the Examples which follow, some synthesis products are listed ashaving been isolated as a residue. It will be understood by one ofordinary skill in the art that the term “residue” does not limit thephysical state in which the product was isolated and may include, forexample, a solid, an oil, a foam, a gum, a syrup, and the like.

Example 1: (Compound of Formula (I-M7)) Preparation of4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide

Step A: n-butyl9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-7-carboxylate

A mixture of n-butyl2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-6-carboxylate (25 g, 111 mmol),ethylene glycol (31 mL), and PPTS (0.825 g, 3.17 mmol) in toluene (400mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 3 days. The resulting mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to yield a residue (35 g) which was purified bycolumn (petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=200/1 to 50:1) to yield n-butyl9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-7-carboxylate (20 g, 67%).

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 5.82 (s, 1H), 4.12 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),3.96-3.90 (m, 4H), 1.95 (s, 2H), 1.62˜1.56 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.29 (m, 8H),0.87 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Step B: n-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate

A mixture of n-butyl9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-ene-7-carboxylate (38 g, 141mmol) and Pd/C (10 g) in ethyl acetate (300 mL) was stirred at 40° C. ata pressure of 40 Psi with hydrogen overnight. The resulting mixture wasfiltrated, and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuo to yieldn-butyl 9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (38 g,99%) as white solid.

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.35 (dd, J=12 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.14˜4.10 (m,2H), 4.06˜3.91 (m, 2H), 3.90˜3.87 (m, 2H), 1.95˜1.92 (m, 1H), 1.70˜1.60(m, 5H), 1.34˜1.29 (m, 8H), 0.87 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Step C: n-butyl7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate

To a mixture of n-butyl9,9-dimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (28 g, 100 mmol)in THF was added dropwise LDA (2M, 110 mmol) at −78° C. and theresulting mixture stirred at −78° C. for 2 hrs. CH₃I (25.8 g, 150 mmol)was then added dropwise to the mixture at −78° C. After the reactioncompleted, the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperatureand stirred overnight. The resulting mixture was quenched by water,concentrated under vacuo to yield a residue of n-butyl7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (29 g, 99%),which was used in the next step without further purification.

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.19-4.02 (m, 2H), 4.00˜3.90 (m, 4H), 2.65(d, J=14 Hz, 2H), 1.70˜1.56 (m, 2H), 1.53˜1.49 (m, 1H), 1.48˜1.37 (m,5H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 0.87 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Step D: n-butyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

A mixture of n-butyl7,9,9-trimethyl-1,4,8-trioxaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate (8 g, 28.0mmol) in acetone (40 mL) and HCl aqueous solution (2M, 2 mL) was stirredat room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was concentrated invacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gelto yield n-butyl 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(6.8 g, 73.5%).

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.20-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.08 (d, J=16.8 Hz,1H), 2.51-2.32 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 1.44-1.35 (m,2H), 1.32-1.28 (m, 6H), 0.87 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Step E: Mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate (21 g, 86.4 mmol)in THF (500 mL) was added dropwise LDA (1.1M, 112 mmol) at −78° C. andthe resulting mixture stirred at −78° C. for 2 hrs. PhNTf₂ (42 g, 117.6mmol) was then added dropwise to the mixture at −78° C. After addition,the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature andstirred overnight. The reaction was then quenched with water, and theresulting mixture concentrated in vacuo to yield mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(22 g, crude), which was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

Step F: Mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

A mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)oxy)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(22 g, 58.82 mmol), Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (5.88 g, 5.88 mmol), KOAc (17.2 g,176.46 mmol), dppf (3.2 g, 5.88 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (17.9 g,70.58 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane was stirred at 100° C. overnight. Theresulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified byflash chromatography on silica gel to yield a mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(25 g, crude), which was used for next step without furtherpurification.

Step G: Mixture of n-Butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-Butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

A mixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(1.3 g, 3.7 mmol), 2-bromo-5-nitro-pyridine (747 mg, 3.7 mmol),Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ (0.26 g, 0.37 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (0.59 g, 0.57 mmol), dissolvedin DME/EtOH/H₂O (2:1:1) (2 mL) was stirred at 120° C. in a microwaveoven for 50 minutes. The resulting mixture was concentrated in vacuo andthe residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to yield amixture of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(0.4 g).

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 9.42 (s, 1H), 8.42 (d, J=6.0 Hz 1H), 7.68(d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.21 (m, 2H), 2.67˜2.63 (m, 1H),2.53˜2.43 (m, 1H), 1.71˜1.67 (m, 2H), 1.62 (s, 3H), 1.59 (s, 3H),1.47˜1.35 (m, 2H), 1.21 (s, 3H), 0.87 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H). MS (M+1): 349.2

Step H: n-Butyl4-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a 500-ML hydrogenation bottle was added 1.89 grams of 10% palladiumon charcoal and 0.12 grams of PtO₂, under N₂, and a solution of n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand n-butyl2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(5-nitropyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(5.2 g) in ethyl acetate (40 mL). To the resulting suspension wasconnected into Parr shaker hydrogenation device and was applied withhydrogen at a pressure of 40 psi. After the reaction mixture was shakenunder the hydrogen at a pressure of 40 psi for 4 days, analytic HPLCanalysis indicated the starting material was consumed and reaction wascompleted. The resulting mixture water was filtrated through CELITE, andrinsed with ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was evaporated invacuo to yield n-butyl4-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateas a yellow oil (5.2 g). ESI-MS (M+1) 321.

Step I: n-Butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a light brown solution of n-butyl4-(5-aminopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(220 mg, 687 μmol, 1 equiv in acetonitrile (5 mL) in an ice-water bathwas added N-bromosuccinimide (122 mg, 687 μmol, 1 equiv) in one portion.When TLC, HPLC and LCMS analysis indicated consumption of the startingmaterial, a 10% aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate (5 mL) was addedand the resulting mixture stirred for 10 minutes. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo to yield a residue which was partitioned between ethylacetate and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase wasseparated, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate; gravity filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo to yield a red orange oil. The oil was purifiedover 12 grams of normal phase silica gel eluted with heptanes and ethylacetate at 5 mL per minute in 8 mL fractions. The product rich fractionswere pooled and concentrated in vacuo to yield n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(274 mg, >99% yield) as an orange oil. ESI-MS (M+1) 400.

Step J: n-Butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a solution of n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-bromopyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(1.88 g, 4.71 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (16 mL) was added2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolane(1.333 g, 5.65 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (331 mg, 0.47 mmol), and 2M Na₂CO₃(16 mL) at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred at 80° C.overnight. After the reaction was completed by TLC monitoring, water andethyl acetate were added to yield a partition of two layers. The organiclayer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with more ethylacetate; the organic phases were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified bychromatography on a silica gel column with a gradient 0-100% ethylacetate/heptanes to yield n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateas a brown oil. ESI-MS (M+1) 429.

Step K: n-Butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a solution of n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(0.761 g, 1.775 mmol) in dichloroethane (12 mL), potassium salt of4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid (0.75 g, 2.48 mmol), PyBrop (1.24 g, 2.66 mmol),diisopropylethylamine (619 uL, 3.55 mmol) were added. The resultingmixture was then stirred at room temperature overnight. The resultingmixture was then partitioned by addition of water and dichloromethane.Organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted with moredichloromethane. The organic phases were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄,and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified bychromatography on a silica gel column with a gradient 0-100% ethylacetate/heptanes to yield n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateas a foam (1.058 g). ESI-MS (M+1) 678.

Step L:4-Cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide

To a solution of n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(0.415 g, 0.612 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at −30 to −40° C., was added in a 1Msolution of DIBAL in THF (2.45 mL). The resulting mixture was thenstirred at −5° C. overnight. To the resulting mixture, cooled at −40°C., was then added 1M solution of DIBAL in THF (1.3 mL). The resultingmixture was then stirred at −40° C. for three hours. The reaction wasquenched by addition of ethyl acetate (9 mL) and saturated aqueousammonium chloride (20 mL). The resulting mixture was then extracted withethyl acetate. The organic phases were combined, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtrated through CELITE, and the solvent was removed in vacuo at 40° C.to yield4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamideas white foam (0.347 mg), which was used for next step without furtherpurification. ESI-MS (M+1) 608.

Step M:4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide(Compound of formula (I-M7))

To a solution of-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide(347 mg), was added a 1M THF solution of TBAF (3 mL). The resultingmixture was stirred at 60-65° C. overnight. After the reaction wascooled to room temperature, the residue was purified by chromatographyon silica gel column with gradient 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes toyield4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide.

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 12.0 (s, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 8.60 (d,1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 3.50 (d, 1H), 3.40-3.30(m, 2H), 2.60 (br, 1H), 2.50 (br, 2H), 2.15 (s, 2H), 2.02 (t, 1H), 1.90(m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.35-1.25 (m, 6H), 1.12 (s,6H). Calculated for C₂₇H₃₅N₅O₃.0.03H₂O is C, 67.82; H, 7.39; N, 14.65.Found C, 67.82; H, 7.12; N, 14.08. ESI-MS (M+1) 478.

Example 2: (Compound of Formula (I-M2)) Preparation of4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid

Step A: n-Butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate

To a THF solution (2 mL) of n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(386 mg, 0.57 mmol), prepared as described in Step K of Example 1 above,was added a 1M THF solution of TBAF (2.9 mL). The resulting mixture wasstirred and heated at 62° C. in a microwave oven for 20 hours, at whichtime TLC and LCMS analysis indicated the starting material was consumedand reaction was completed. MS m/z 548 (MH⁺). The resulting mixture,containing n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatewas used in the next step without further purification.

Step B:4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid

To a solution of n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate(0.114 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added a solution of lithium hydroxide (6mg) in water (1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight and then acidified with aqueous hydrochloric acidto pH 5. The resulting solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residuesubjected to chromatography separation on silica gel column withgradient 0-100% ethyl acetate/heptanes to yield4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid as a white solid (37 mg, 66%).

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 12.3 (s, 1H), 9.80 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d,1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, 1H), 6.0 (s, 1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 2.50 (m,2H), 2.38 (d, 1H), 2.08 (br, 2H), 2.05-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.67 (s, 3H), 1.61(m, 2H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.25 (m, 1H), 1.11 (s, 6H). MS m/z492 (MH⁺).

Elemental Analysis: Calculated for C₂₇H₃₃N₅O₄: C, 65.97; H, 6.77; N,13.02. Measured: C, 65.19; H, 6.58; N, 12.81.

Example 3: (Mixture of Compound of Formula (I-M7-D4a) and (I-M7-D4b)Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide

Step A: 2,3-[D₂]-deuterated 4,4-Dimethylcyclohexanone

To a suspension of 4,4-dimethylcyclohexenone (20 g, 161 mmol) in diethylether was added 10% palladium on carbon (500 mg) under nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction vessel was evacuated and backfilled withdeuterium gas. This process was repeated two additional times. Thereaction mixture was stirred overnight under a balloon of deuterium gas.Conversion was monitored using ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) by periodicallyaliquotting a 250 μL sample, filtering through a syringe filter andconcentrating in vacuo. Upon complete reduction (disappearance of thetwo olefin doublets δ 6.67 ppm and 5.83 ppm), nitrogen gas was bubbledthrough the resulting mixture to remove excess deuterium gas. Thesuspension was filtered through a bed of CELITE and the filtrateconcentrated in vacuo (rotovap bath <30° C.) to yield2,3-[D₂]-deuterated 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone as a colorless oil (19.8g, 96% yield). The oil was used in the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 1.10 (s, 6H, CH₃), 1.62-1.70 (m,3H, CH+CH₂), 2.30-2.37 (m, 3H, CH+CH2).

Step B: 2,2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₅]-deuterated 4,4-Dimethylcyclohexanone

The 2,3-[D₂]-deutrerated 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone (19.8 g, 154 mmol)was partitioned between deuterated water (50 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (25mL). To the biphasic mixture was added potassium carbonate (5.3 g, 38.6mmol, 0.25 equiv) and the vessel heated in an 80° C. mantle overnight.The hydrogen-deuterium exchange incorporation was monitored using 1H NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz) by monitoring the disappearance of the CHα protons at δ2.45 ppm. Upon complete exchange, the phases were separated and theaqueous phase extracted with diethyl ether (three 25-mL portions). Thecombined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, gravity filteredand concentrated in vacuo to yield 2,2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₅]-deuterated4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone as a low melting colorless solid (19.0 g, 94%yield). Rf [normal phase silica gel, heptane-ethyl acetate 1:1] 0.67(2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine=orange); ¹H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 1.10 (s,6H, CH3), 1.64 (s, 1H, CH), 1.66 (s, 2H, CH2).

Step C: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl-trifluoromethanesulfonates

A 100 mL single neck round bottom flask with stirbar was charged with2,2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₅]-deuterated 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone (3.00 g, 22.9mmol, 1 equiv) and tetrahydrofuran (46 mL) to give a colorless solution.The reaction vessel was cooled in a dry ice-acetone bath for 30 minutes,prior to the addition of lithium diisopropylamide (2.0 M, 12.6 mL, 25.2mmol, 1.1 equiv) in five 2.5-mL portions via Hamilton 2.5 mL gas tightsyringe with 6 inch 18 gauge stainless steel needle. The resultingreddish-orange reaction mixture was aged in the dry ice-acetone bath for30 minutes. A solution of1,1,1-trifluoro-N-phenyl-N-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)methanesulfonamide(6.45 g, 22.9 mmol, 1 equiv) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was cannulatedunder positive nitrogen pressure. The reaction mixture was stirred forone hour then quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous ammoniumchloride (25 mL). The biphasic mixture was stirred vigorously andallowed to warm to room temperature over a one hour period. The phaseswere separated and the aqueous phase extracted with ethyl acetate (two25-mL portions). The combined organic phases were washed with water(20-mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and gravity filtered.The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield an oil that containedpyridine impurities by 1H NMR (400 MHz). The oil was purified over aREDISEP 120 gram normal phase silica gel column eluted withheptane-ethyl acetate gradient in 25 mL fractions. The product richfractions were pooled and concentrated in vacuo to yield a mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl trifluoromethanesulfonates (3.65 g, 61%yield). ¹⁹F NMR (CDCl3, 376 MHz) δ −74.1.

Step D: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanes

A 100 mL single neck round bottom flask with stirbar was charged withthe mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated 4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yltrifluoromethanesulfonates (1.08 g, 4.12 mmol, 1 equiv) prepared in StepC above, and N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) to yield a light yellowsolution. The solution was briefly degassed by bubbling nitrogen gasthrough the solution for 5 minutes. To the solution was then addedpinacol diborane (3.62 g, 14.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv), potassium acetate (3.82g, 38.9 mmol, 3 equiv) and diphenylphosphinoferrocine palladium(II)chloride (237 mg, 0.32 mmol, 0.03 equiv) with additional degassing for 5minutes. The reaction vessel was fitted with a reflux condenser andplaced under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction vessel was then placed ina preheated 80° C. heating mantle overnight for 6 hours. The resultingmixture was then cooled to room temperature and filtered through a bedof CELITE (2 cm high) in a Buchner funnel (3 cm diameter). The filtercake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (three 25-mL portions). The darkbrown filtrate was cast into a separator funnel and diluted with water(50 mL). The aqueous phase was cut and extracted with ethyl acetate(three 25-mL portions). The combined organic phases were washed withwater (five 20-mL) portions, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, andgravity filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to yield amixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanesas an oil (2.06 g, 66% yield).

Step E: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-Butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylates

The title mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-Butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateswas prepared by reacting the mixture of a mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanes,prepared as in Step D above, according to the procedure as described inExample 1, Step J, above.

Step F: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide)

The mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamideswas prepared by reacting the mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatesprepared as in Example 3, Step E above, according to the procedures asdescribed in Example 1, Steps K, L and M, above (more particularly,reacting sequentially with (1) potassium salt of4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid(0.75 g, 2.48 mmol); then with (2) DIBAL; and then with (3) TBAF, asdescribed therein).

ESI-MS (M+1) 482. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 11.7 (s, 1H), 9.22(s, 1H), 8.60 (d, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, 1H), 3.50 (d, 1H),3.40-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.55 (br), 2.15 (m), 2.02 (t), 1.90 (m), 1.30-1.50(m, 4H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.35-1.25 (m, 6H), 1.12 (s, 6H).

Example 4: (Mixture of Compound of formula (I-M2-D4a) and (1-M2-D4b)Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid

The mixture 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D4]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylicacid was similarly prepared, reacting the mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated n-butyl4-(5-amino-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylates,prepared as in Example 3, Step E above, according to the procedures asdescribed in Example 2, above (more particularly, reacting sequentiallywith (1) TBAF; then with (2) LiOH; and then acidifying with aqueous HCl,as described therein).

MS m/z 496 (MH⁺). ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ (ppm) 11.5 (s, 1H), 9.70(s, 1H), 8.65 (br, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.12 (br, 1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 2.65(s), 2.25 (d), 2.15 (br), 2.05-1.82 (m), 1.80-1.20 (m, 9H), 1.15 (s,6H).

Example 5: (Mixture of Compound of Formula (P-D4a) and (P-D4b) Mixtureof 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamideand 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide

Step A: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-ylamine

A mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanes(200 mg, 0.64 mmol) prepared for example as described in Example 3, STEPD,2-bromo-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-ylamine(189 mg, 0.79 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (20 mg, 0.017 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (500 mg, 4.7mmol), and LiCl (30 mg, 0.71 mmol) in DME/H₂O (1:1) (4 mL) was stirredat 80° C. under N₂ for 4 hours. The resulting mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and the organic phase purified by chromatography on a silicagel column with 0-10% gradient of ethyl acetate/heptanes to yield awhite solid (181 mg), which contained a mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-ylamine.MS m/z 347 (M+1).

Step B: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid[2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-amide

To a mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-ylamines(243 mg, 0.70 mmol), potassium salt of4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid (300 mg, 0.98 mmol), and PyBrop (498 mg, 1.05 mmol) indichloroethane (6 mL), was added diisopropylethylamine (0.244 mL, 1.4mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hoursand then quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ solution (2 mL). The organiclayer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane(2×2 mL). The organic phases were combined and concentrated in vacuo.The resulting residue was purified by chromatography on a silica gelcolumn with 0-15% gradient of ethyl acetate/heptanes to yield a whitesolid (382 mg), which contained a mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuteratedand 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid[2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-amide.MS m/z 596 (M+1).

Step C: Mixture of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated 4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-amide

To a solution of 2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-1-(2-trimethylsilanyl-ethoxymethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylicacid[2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-amide(208 mg, 0.35 mmol) in THF (10 mL), was added a 1M THF solution of TBAF(0.4 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at 70° C. overnight andthen concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by chromatographyon a silica gel column with 0-50% gradient of ethyl acetate/heptanes toyield a white solid (115 mg), which contained a mixture of2′,3′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated and 2′,5′,6′,6′-[D₄]-deuterated4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxylic acid[2-(4,4-dimethyl-cyclohex-1-enyl)-6-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl)-pyridin-3-yl]-amide.

¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ (ppm) 8.55 (d, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.25 (d,1H), 3.30 (m, 1H, overlap with solvent), 2.08 (m), 1.82 (m), 1.60 (m,4H), 1.38 (s, 6H), 1.25 (s, 6H), 1.10 (s, 6H); MS m/z 466 (M+1).

Example 6 Separation of Diastereomers of the Compound of Formula (I-M2)and the Compound of Formula (I-M7)

The compound of formula (I-M2), prepared as described herein, wasseparated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) on a DaicelChiralpak ID column using CO₂/isopropanol/0.2% isopropylamine, to yieldthe compound of formula (I-M2-2S,4R) and the compound of formula(I-M2-2R,4S), each with a predicted diastereomeric excess of greaterthan or equal to about 95%.

The measured chiral HPLC purity for the two isolated diastereomers ofthe compound of formula (I-M2) was 97%.

The compound of formula (I-M7), prepared as described herein, wasseparated by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) on a DaicelChiralpak ID column using CO₂/isopropanol/0.2% isopropylamine, to yieldthe compound of formula (I-M7-2S,4R) and the compound of formula(I-M7-2R,4S), each with a predicted diastereomeric excess of greaterthan or equal to about 95%.

The measured chiral HPLC purity for the two isolated diastereomers ofthe compound of formula (I-M7) was 100%.

Biological Example 1 Human c-fms Protein Kinase Assay (γ-³³P-ATP Format)

c-fms(h) was incubated with 8 mM MOPS pH 7.0, 0.2 mM EDTA, 250 μMKKKSPGEYVNIEFG, 10 mM MgAcetate and [γ-₃₃P-ATP] (specific activityapprox. 500 cpm/pmol, concentration as required). The reaction wasinitiated by the addition of the MgATP mix. After incubation for 40minutes at room temperature, the reaction was stopped by the addition of3% phosphoric acid solution. 10 μL of the reaction was then spotted ontoa P30 filtermat and washed three times for 5 minutes in 75 mM phosphoricacid and once in methanol prior to drying and scintillation counting.

Representative compounds of formula (I) of the present invention weretested according to the procedure as described in Biological Example 1above, with results as listed in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Compound IC₅₀ (I-M2) 11 nM (I-M7) 10 nM (P) 18 nM

Biological Example 2 Inhibition of CSF-1 Induced Monocyte MCP-1Expression Cell Based Assay

Representative compounds of the present invention were additionallytested in an in vitro assay measuring inhibition of CSF-1 inducedmonocyte MCP-1 expression, as described briefly below.

Human monocytes were isolated from the blood of three donors by negativeselection using RosetteSep® human monocyte enrichment cocktail fromStemCell Technologies (Cat. #15068). Monocytes (1×10⁵/well) werecultured in 96 well polypropylene plates (Corning 3790) with RoswellPark Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 media containing 10%heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin,Liquid (complete media). Cultures were adjusted to contain gradedconcentrations (0.33 to 0.000151 micromolar or zero micromolar) of testcompound and 10 ng/mL human CSF-1. Conditioned media were harvest afterapproximately eighteen hours of culture and assayed for MCP-1 proteinusing a specific ELISA.

Representative compounds of the present invention were tested accordingto the procedure as described in Biological example 2, above, withdetermined IC₅₀ values as listed in Table 2, below.

TABLE 2 Inhibition of CSF-1 Induced Monocyte MCP-1 Expression IC₅₀ (mM)Compound (Mean (n = 3) ± Std. Dev) (I-M2-2S,4R) 0.00293 ± 0.00155(I-M2-2R,4S) 0.00847 ± 0.00341 (I-M7-2S,4R) 0.00100 ± 0.00055(I-M7-2R,4S) 0.00237 ± 0.00046 (P) 0.00125 ± 0.00085

Biological Example 3: Human, Dog and Rat c-Fms Enzyme Assay(Fluorescence Immunoassay Format) Materials:

Human c-fms protein (N-terminal 6His-tagged, amino acids 538-972), dogc-fms protein (N-terminal 6His-tagged, amino acids 535-967) and ratc-fms protein (N-terminal 6His-tagged, amino acids 536-978) werepurified in-house using a HisTrap column. The Antibody Beacon tyrosinekinase assay kit was purchased from Life Technologies. The c-fms peptidesubstrate, SYEGNSYTFIDPTQ, and the phosphorylated product,SYEGNSpYTFIDPTQ, were obtained from American Peptide Company.Non-binding surface (NBS) 384-well plates were obtained from Corning.

c-fms Enzyme Assay Procedure:

In this assay, recombinant human, dog or rat c-fms catalyzed thephosphorylation of the FMS peptide substrate, SYEGNSYTFIDPTQ, with thephosphorylated product detected by a fluorescence immunoassay. The c-fmsassay buffer consisted of 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM DTT and0.01% Brj-35. 5 μl of 3× of the test compound(s) in assay buffercontaining 1% DMSO were added to the wells of a 384-well NBS plate, atconcentrations of 1 μM down to 0.00002 μM (applying a 1:3 dilutionscheme). c-fms activity was assayed in the presence of 300 μMSYEGNSYTFIDPTQ, 1 mM ATP and human, dog or rat c-fms in a total volumeof 15 μl. The reaction was initiated with ATP. The assay plates weresealed with aluminum sealing tape and incubated at room temperature for2 h. At the end of the incubation, 5 μl of 4× detection reagent wereadded to each well (Antibody Beacon tyrosine kinase assay kit; the 4×detection reagent consisted of 100 nM Oregon Green 488 ligand and 200 nManti-phosphotyrosine antibody and was prepared just prior to use). Theplates were centrifuged at 1000×g for 1 min. Fluorescence was measuredafter 10 min on a Safire II reader at excitation/emission of 492/517 nm.RFU values were converted to micromolar phosphopeptide using aSYEGNSpYTFIDPTQ standard curve. IC₅₀ values were calculated usingGraphPad Prism 5.

Representative compounds of formula (I) of the present invention weretested according to the procedure as described in Biological Example 3above, with results as listed in Table 3 below. For the human FMSresults, the results presented below are an average of n=3.

TABLE 3 Human, Dog and Rat c-fms Assay Results Human Dog Rat CompoundIC₅₀ (μM) IC₅₀ (μM) IC₅₀ (μM) (I-M2-2S,4R) 0.0022 0.0020 0.0022(I-M2-2R,4S) 0.0018 0.0020 0.0025 (I-M7-2S,4R) 0.0079 0.0066 0.0079(I-M7-2R,4S) 0.0071 0.0080 0.0096 (P) 0.010 0.016 0.011

Formulation Example 1 (Prophetic Example): Oral Formulation

As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of the Compoundof formula (I-M2) prepared as in Example 1 is formulated with sufficientfinely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg tofill a size O hard gel capsule.

Formulation Example 2 (Prophetic Example): Oral Formulation

As a specific embodiment of an oral composition, 100 mg of the Compoundof formula (I-M7) prepared as in Example 2 is formulated with sufficientfinely divided lactose to provide a total amount of 580 to 590 mg tofill a size O hard gel capsule.

While the foregoing specification teaches the principles of the presentinvention, with examples provided for the purpose of illustration, itwill be understood that the practice of the invention encompasses all ofthe usual variations, adaptations and/or modifications as come withinthe scope of the following claims and their equivalents.

We claim:
 1. A method of treating a disorder mediated by c-fms kinasecomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of formula (I)

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—OH and —C(O)OH;or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the disorderis selected from the group consisting of osteoporosis, Paget's disease,rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatory arthritis,osteoarthritis, prosthesis failure, osteolytic sarcoma, myeloma,Hodgkin's lymphoma, tumor metastasis to bone, ovarian cancer, uterinecancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer,stomach cancer, hairy cell leukemia; metastasis from ovarian cancer,uterine cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, coloncancer, stomach cancer, or hairy cell leukemia; glomerulonephritis,inflammatory bowel disease, sarcoidosis, congestive obstructivepulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, pancreatitis,HIV infection, psoriasis, diabetes, tumor related angiogenesis,age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, restenosis,schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia; pain, skeletal pain caused by tumormetastasis or osteoarthritis, visceral pain, inflammatory pain,neurogenic pain; an autoimmune disease, systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis, other forms of inflammatory arthritis, psoriasis,Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and uveitis.
 3. The methodaccording to claim 2, wherein the disorder mediated by c-fms kinase isrheumatoid arthritis.
 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein thedisorder mediated by c-fms kinase is Hodgkin's lymphoma.
 5. A method oftreating of treating a disorder mediated by c-fms kinase comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effectiveamount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier and a compound of claim
 1. 6. A process for thepreparation of a compound of formula (I-M2)

or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof; comprising

reacting n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatewith a desilylating reagent; in an organic solvent; at a temperature inthe range of from about 0° C. to about 120° C.; to yield n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate;

reacting n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylateand acid or base; to yield the corresponding compound of formula (I-M2).7. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I-M7)

or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof; comprising

reacting n-butyl4-(5-(4-cyano-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamido)-6-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylatewith a reducing agent; in an organic solvent; at a temperature in therange of from about −80° C. to about 50° C.; to yield4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamide;

reacting4-cyano-N-(2-(4,4-dimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-6-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carboxamidewith a desilylating reagent; in an organic solvent; at a temperature inthe range of from about 0° C. to about 110° C.; to yield thecorresponding compound of formula (I-M7).
 8. A process for thepreparation of a compound of formula (I)

wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂—OH and —C(O)OH;or an enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, or pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.
 9. A method of treating a cfms modulated disorder,comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of any of one or more compounds described herein.